[ars]

The bank takes no loss. They take the money from the merchant.

Banks require merchants to keep a certain amount of money as a deposit with them, specifically for this. The amount varies depending on the type of business the merchant is in (and the size and reliability of the merchant - for example Walmart is probably not required to keep any amount at all).

[quuquuquu]

It sounds like if you are a merchant and don't like chargebacks and deposits, the best idea is to run a cash only business then, if you don't mind turning away cc customers.

Strange world!

[devopsproject]

dont forget the transaction and other fees the merchant must pay :)