You might be interested in distroless[1] base images.
The repo links to a talk that goes into more depth, but the basic idea is to a use minimal language-specific base for your runtime instead of e.g. statically linking all of ubuntu into your image.
The base images are built with bazel's docker rules[2], so you get reproducible builds.
The same source should lead to the same tarball, and anyone should be able to clone the repo and verify that.
github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/debian-docker