I'm a novice when it comes to neural network models, but would I be correct in interpreting this as a convolutional network architecture with multiple stacked encoders and decoders?
Nah, the paper explicitly states that their system is not recurrent nor convolutional:
> To the best of our knowledge, however, the Transformer is the first transduction model relying
entirely on self-attention to compute representations of its input and output without using RNNs or
convolution.
> To the best of our knowledge, however, the Transformer is the first transduction model relying entirely on self-attention to compute representations of its input and output without using RNNs or convolution.