Is Docker (or any other container platform) a facilitator to reproducible builds? Making the environment standard between builds is probably easier in a container.
Docker is part of a broader "reproducible build environment" strategy, but doesn't really help with some of the things that cause problems (timestamps, kernel version, random IDs).
Docker seeks to reproduce a functionally equivalent software environment, motivated by version management concerns. Debian is trying to reproduce bitwise identical build products, motivated by security concerns.
Docker images built with the first-party toolchain aren't reproducible - if you run `docker build ...` on a Dockerfile, then delete the image and rerun it, you'll get a different set of image hashes. This is likely due to timestamp embedding.
There are other toolsets that supposedly create byte-identical Docker images generation (Bazel, some others), but I haven't tried them.
I'm not sure how the reproducible builds machines works for forcing two different build results, but i'd bet they're using sbuild too.
Here's a diffoscope of one of my packages which is not reproducible right now[2].
I also highly recommend the reproducible builds talk at this year's debconf with the repro build folks[3].
[1]https://wiki.debian.org/sbuild
[2]https://tests.reproducible-builds.org/debian/rb-pkg/unstable...
[3]https://debconf17.debconf.org/talks/14/