[_wp3r]

Aren't there multiple groups that provide the guidelines for treatment? Specifically all of the specialty associations. (Gastro, Oncology...)

Going outside recommended guidelines can be very very expensive for a physician.

The understanding of opioid use has clinically changed drastically in the last 40 years, similar to SSRIs in the last 70 years.

Not that I do not agree with your premise, but the issue seems to be much more institutional and related to human, research, and implementation error than a bunch of individual bad actors.

https://www.guideline.gov/