Yes. The first standard for securing computer systems mandated some protections against this. They were partly made by Paul Karger who invented the compiler subversion Thompson wrote about a decade later. Most just focused on that one thing where Karger et al went on to build systems that were secure from ground up with some surviving NSA pentesting and analysis for 2-5 years. Independently, people started building verified compilers and whole stacks w/ CPU's. They were initially simple with a lot to trust but got better over time. Recently, the two schools have been merging more. Mainstream INFOSEC and IT just ignores it all slowly reinventing it piece by piece with knock offs. It's hard, has performance hit, or is built in something other than C language so don't do it. (shrugs)
Well you may want to mention stage0
https://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/stage0/
it starts with just a 280byte hex monitor and builds up to a rather impressive lisp AND forth, while building tools such as a text editor and line macro assembler along the way
rain1 started a page for people interested in bootstrapping or countering Karger's attack. Several of us are putting as many links as we can find to small, human-understandable tools such as compilers. I added some formally-verified or otherwise justifiable ones (eg 25-core CPU ain't gonna be simple).