[mandarg]

It's interesting to know that a traditional ISP like AT&T is heading the same way.

I think Google gets more freedom to try out some of these techniques because people still fundamentally think of them as a website (apart from Google Fiber, they don't serve end-users directly); whereas AT&T, being an ISP, is treated more like a water / power service, in that people expect them to be working by default, and going down is absolutely unacceptable.

[Animats]

AT&T, pre-Internet, had 10 major regions in the US, and switches had a fixed list of primary, secondary, and tertiary routes. The first "centralization" was simply that the priorities in the routing tables were changed every few minutes based on load. But if the central routing planner went down or was unreachable, everything still worked, just not as optimally.

What you don't want is software-defined networking where every new flow goes to Master Control for validation and routing. Some SDN systems do that, and they have a central point of failure and censorship.