[hyperpape]

Today less than 1% of all software is written in null safe languages. But I believe Swift has non-nullable types, and it's the promoted language for a really big ecosystem. There's also Rust and Scala, but those have less of a captive audience. I do have high hopes for Rust, which also is data-race safe.

I think Java 8 and optionals show it doesn't have to be that hard, it's just that there's too much old code that relies on nulls for the Java ecosystem to ever be fully null safe.

Use-after-free is solved in a language without manual memory management, so that's actually quite common.

Programmers get comfortable with new ideas over time. Higher order functions and type inference used to be obscure concepts. Today they're par for the course. I don't know if we'll all use dependent types some day, but I think we'll keep getting more powerful types in mainstream languages for a while.