[jccc]

[absolutely sincere question]

If you did two simultaneous recordings of a performance -- one a modern digital and the other a modern analog -- what would be the appreciable difference between the two once pressed to vinyl?

I just reflexively assume that there wouldn't be much difference at that point. Unless you're thinking of the loudness-war compression that's done to digital, but that doesn't happen to the recording until you're making the CD or something else for digital distribution.

[protonfish]

There is not much difference, though digital can represent a wider range of frequencies than vinyl (higher highs and lower lows) so it can be said that it is generally higher quality. For more information, I think this is a fairly good objective comparison: https://skeptoid.com/episodes/4303