[jerf]

"At a 17% rate, I would have paid $11,500 already, and would be on track to pay $22,950 more if I stay at my current job for 1.5 more years with no salary increases (I expect salary increases)."

If the bootcamp is going to shoulder that much risk, expect them to get paid for it. If you can afford to just pay for it up front, expect to pay less net money, but then, you're shouldering more risk that it won't be worthwhile. If you consider the distribution of both money and risk it looks more balanced. Whether it's precisely balanced or something doesn't have a unique answer because people have different valuations on the risk vs. the money. In particular, someone with no money to speak of at all is obviously going to prefer the single option that is available to them for the chance to come out wildly better off than they started, even at a 17% salary cut for 3 years.

(Also, I note you were not making wild accusations or anything, so I'm not being accusatory either, just elaborating.)