[epistasis]

In this setting, "risk factor" means "associated." It does not mean causes, and it really misinforms the public to jump to that. Even if the authors strongly suggest causation, but stop short, the most that should go in the headline is "Study strong suggests that moderate drinking causes.."

Jumping to conclusions in the popular press hurts the reputation of scientists. Journalists and editors have been doing this for years, especially on topics that sell papers, specifically what to eat and what to not eat, how to gain or lose weight, or how to live longer.

[gabrielgoh]

Fair point about the risk factor. I take the edit back!

But I think our disagreement is philosophical. Ultimately I feel much of medical research is prescriptive - and thus there is no misrepresentation, except perhaps amount of uncertainty that is associated with these studies.

I think hese uncertainties are poorly communicated by scientists themselves, and just appending "maybe" to every headline adds very little to the conversation.

[epistasis]

Yes, I agree that we probably disagree on philosophical grounds. I would definitely favor a more bland article of maybes than one that was more bold. Perhaps I'm one of those scientists that's bad at communicating, but the uncertainty is where there are discoveries to be made, and I tend to focus on it :)