http://ec.europa.eu/transparency/regdoc/rep/10102/2016/EN/SW... - see page 32 (ARRPU). Operators in different countries have different profits per user (obvious). If you have someone like T-Mobile or Orange, they'll use the proceeds from say... France, to finance their operations in say... Poland. This will put pressure on other national operators to further lower prices. Lower prices mean lower profit margins, mean lower dividends, lower company valuation, being less attractive to investors, etc. After a while their value will decline by so much, they'll be willing to sell themselves at the current going price of their infrastructure. Orange buys them, and kills off competition.