I would start with the simplest proven blockchain use case: Bitcoin. Bill Gates called Bitcoin a technological tour de force - something I don't think he's said about "Blockchain."
Learn about the design choices made in Bitcoin and how its blockchain adds to that integrated whole, and you will see how the stability of the network emerges as a tensegrity of multiple competing forces with opposing incentives.
Check out the readings for Stanford's Bitcoin and Cryptocurrencies course (https://crypto.stanford.edu/cs251/syllabus.html). There's a draft of the textbook for the course that's a great place to start imo.
[Blockchain Revolution by Don Tapscott, Alex Tapscott](https://www.amazon.com/Blockchain-Revolution-Technology-Chan...) [The Business Blockchain by William Mougayar](https://www.amazon.com/Business-Blockchain-Practice-Applicat...) [Digital Gold by Nathaniel Popper](https://www.amazon.co.jp/Digital-Gold-Bitcoin-Millionaires-R...)
If you want to dig deeper, read [Mastering Bitcoin by Andreas M. Antonopoulos](https://www.amazon.com/Mastering-Bitcoin-Unlocking-Digital-C...).