Depending on the conference or journal, most papers can be rejected in one pass. Heck, the reviewer might abort after the intro if the paper is particularly bad.
The papers that make it past one pass get more scrutiny.
I've gotten reviews where it was obvious the reviewer didn't read the paper. "You didn't address X at all" when I had a section heading under Discussion labeled X in big bold font.
The review process is stochastic and leans towards reject by default.
The review process is stochastic and leans towards reject by default.