It's not a straight transliteration -- it's not like we are writing IPA phonetic marks by-the-by in two different languages. For example your "th" in "thing" doesn't exist in Hungarian so I will use "sz" which by the way is one of the common pronunciation mistakes we make: replacing /θ/ with /s/. There are sounds in Hungarian which do not exist in English and yet if I wanted to "encode" the word "duke" I would likely use "gyúk" thus replacing /djuːk/ with /ɟu:k/.