[nickpsecurity]

"Our analysis finds that AT&T has built its all-fiber network disproportionately in higher income communities. "

This isn't bad. I was thinking of proposing this exact thing for a local, high-speed ISP. I was going to say focus on denser, high-income residential and city just because you recover your costs back faster. On top of that, it's easier to upsell them on high-margin services that increase either profit or growth. The backbones-connected sites where ISP's can get cheaper bandwidth [in long run] are also usually close to such areas since they were similarly targeting profitable regions. Now, I have less data on that last claim to say how often its true or exactly how close customers are. I've just often seen cases where new ISP's might be able to get a quick start targeting the homes or businesses physically close to those sites for cheaper fiber. A bootstrap option.

"However, the copper could be replaced by wireless networks instead of fiber in areas where fiber rollouts aren't cost-effective. AT&T is deploying a 10Mbps fixed wireless service in order to meet its Connect America Fund obligations."

Now, this is a decent idea. NEPA, a small ISP with wireless, was already here showing it can work:

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=13688595