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by abecedarius 3356 days ago
You're quite right that there's no unique normal to a 2-d plane in 4-d, and so it's meaningless to "rotate around the normal vector". That's why I tried to phrase the geometry in terms of planes instead of axes.

Here's an example that's easiest to sort-of-visualize:

1. Rotate the y-z plane of 4-d space by half a turn (180 degrees). That is, transform every point in 4-space according to w->w, x->x, y->-y, z->-z.

2. Rotate the w-x plane, also a half-turn. So w->-w, x->-x, y->y, z->z.

Composing these two transformations yields w->-w, x->-x, y->-y, z->-z. That composed transformation is an inversion, not a rotation. Is it clearer now? (It was late when I wrote last night, sorry. Let me try and rephrase how I defined a rotation: a linear transformation that carries one unit vector to a second unit vector, and leaves unchanged any vectors that are orthogonal to both. In my previous comment the plane I was talking about was the plane that contains both given vectors. Of course, the null rotation doesn't pick out any particular plane, though it's not otherwise special in these terms. IANAM, but would appreciate correction if I'm goofing.)

1 comments

I think I see what you mean. In an even dimensions space a -x is a rotation ( determinant = 1), while it is not in an odd dimensions. So what you described is a rotation in 4D but, indeed, not in 3D. Also, I feel, from this follows, that you can only have a rotation axis (eigenvector for value 1) in an odd dimensions space so I was wrong, assuming there is an axis for any 4D rotation. Same as in 2D there may be none. I figure 5D will act as same as 3D in this regard.
I'm sorry, my 'rotation' was wrong -- as you point out, it would admit reflections. I'm glad to uncover this embarrassing bug, but on the other hand, oops. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_(mathematics) has more lore to check against after I've done enough mental debugging.