Well, it's a little more complicated than that. They have extremely high state-specific variance, so it's difficult to show predictive validity. They have definitely been associated with particular sets of outcomes in non-gendered/racial contexts, where you would expect the studies to be easier to run.
Source: I did a bunch of them for my PhD, but my reading of the literature stopped in 2014.
Source: I did a bunch of them for my PhD, but my reading of the literature stopped in 2014.