[GeoffWozniak]

I did a thesis that explored aspects of generating code that passed tests, but it was limited to deriving adequate structural representations based on behavioural specifications.

Two approaches were shown: changing data structure representations to meet requirements and generating class structure/hierarchy. The thesis showed that it is possible to do this and how to do it, but it is a huge topic.

If you're interested, I'll put more effort into making my thesis available online in HTML format. In the meantime, you can get it in a variety of places.

http://duckduckgo.com/?q=Structuring%20Data%20via%20Behaviou...

Incidentally, generating behavioural elements (like entire functions) to pass tests would be very difficult although I have been toying with ways to try it out.