[Groxx]

You might call it a super-set of recursion-with-caching. It's a common technique, but it's not the whole field - you can also start at the "leaves" and summarize your way up to the "start" (and similar-ish things that don't involve recursive thinking at all). In many ways similar, but not actually the same. No call stack, for starters.

"just caching" is also hard to apply to e.g. the tower of hanoi problem.