[cbr]

    red, yellow, green, flashing red, flashing yellow,
    no-turn-left red arrow, no-turn-right red arrow

You forgot flashing green, which does actually exist, at least in MA. You treat it like a green light, but it could go yellow and then red if a pedestrian presses the walk button.

[blisterpeanuts]

Yeah, that, and also a traffic cop standing in random spots waving cars around an accident etc.

[ktRolster]

In some parts of San Francisco there's a stoplight with a green X. Took me a long time to figure out it means "one way street, don't enter"