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Great summary, I always think it's best when machine learning projects have visuals and videos to showcase what is actually being learned.

This simple project is a good example of supervised learning from what I can tell - the network will learn to steer "as good as" the human that provides the training data. For a different (and more complex) flavor of algorithm, check out reinforcement learning, where the "agent" (computer system) can actually learn to outperform humans. Stanford's autonomous helicopters always come to mind - http://heli.stanford.edu/