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by _yosefk 3437 days ago
It's not the cloud - it's the sad downside of the democratization of hardware design, as in fabs like TSMC and IP companies like ARM making it relatively cheap to make your own chips with competitive functionality in a wide range of areas. There's a lot of custom hardware outside the cloud, say in embedded electronics, that's just as closed as the stuff in server farms - closed specs and no way to program the thing, increasingly often no ability to run binaries unsigned by someone in a small set of vendors.

Moreover, the GPUs and more so, DSPs and ISPs in your phone or PC are hidden from you in that they run code written by a very small number of people. You don't even have an idea how many small DSP cores are scattered throughout a desktop-class chip, let alone what they do or how to program them. Effectively it's for internal use of a very small number of hardware and software vendors, and the software is very much tied to the hardware.

The reason computing hardware used to be open is that very few could make it and they only stood to gain from making it usable in as many applications as possible, or at least so they thought. Once (almost-)cloning hardware products became increasingly cheap with less and less vertically intergated hardware vendors (from fab to design), vertical integration moved to design+software because that's how you fend off competition today.

4 comments

Another good example that I have experience with - closed firmware blobs in everyone's wifi chipsets and cell phone basebands. Early-standard ARM processors are cheap enough to embed in peripherals these days, making it easy to hide your functionality in hard-to-extract embedded software.
They are even embedded in micro SD cards...

https://www.bunniestudios.com/blog/?p=3554

Pretty sure this is nothing to do with Google manufacturing their own silicon. It's an open secret that standard Intel server chips contain "special silicon" with features which are only switched on for certain customers. I'm pretty sure this is what Google is referring to. Source: https://techreport.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=118026
Google has been doing custom security hardware for 5 years in Chromebooks[0].

[0] https://chrome.googleblog.com/2011/07/chromebook-security-br...

Very much true. I don't think the two reasons are exclusive; it is probably a factor mix. Lowered development costs, economies of scale, need for competitive edge in a market that slopes into commoditization.
It seems a bit counterintuitive that open hardware results in less choice, so I disagree. I think that hardware is getting more and more open, also drivers for it. With FPGAs it is (relatively) straightforward for one to create it's own crypto processor and integrate it in the system. Also PCBs are getting easier and cheaper to make. I hope that also there will be some open PCB designs that incorporate some kind of crypto chips and functionalities outside of CPUs, so everyone can start creating their own servers, if desired.

Didn't also Facebook started some open server hardware initiative? I don't remember what happened with that...

I do agree that the current status is not great, and that we could all benefit from more open hardware design. I think that it would also benefit large companies as well.

> Didn't also Facebook started some open server hardware initiative? I don't remember what happened with that...

It's alive and well, but not newsworthy, thus phased out of public's attention span.

Could you link?