How does one go about getting a listing like this? I am new to iOS and macOS and I'd like to learn. Can I pull the equivalent of a iOS ".apk" file and decompile it like Android?
If you download the iOS application in iTunes, or sync your applications from your device to iTunes, then you can drag the applications out of iTunes onto your desktop. That's an IPA file, which is essentially a zip file following a specific format. Just rename from .ipa to .zip and unzip it. You can now inspect the application's contents.
It's a lot more than the original Solitaire. Games like FreeCell and Spider are baked in, it has daily challenges, Xbox Live integration and achievements, etc. FWIW, the Windows version is larger, 232 MB.
Eh, it certainly seems excessive, but when you're doing iOS development you end up with a lot of high-resolution images, audio files, and other assets that you can't really justify eliminating.
48 MB of code and frameworks (including 10 MB for Swift).
http://imgur.com/a/MezGl