[yaakov34]

Well, if you wanted to find examples of misinformation that needs to be corrected, you've certainly succeeded, since several of these press releases make the mistaken syllogism "Margaret Hamilton led the software team" & "the software team developed the software" -> "Margaret Hamilton led the development of the software". But this is false because of the timing - Hamilton did not lead the team while the team was developing the software.

And the statement from the last link:

"At the start of the Apollo program, the onboard flight software needed to land on the moon didn’t exist. Computer science wasn’t in any college curriculum. NASA turned to mathematician Margaret Hamilton, of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, to pioneer and direct the effort."

... is just jaw-dropping in how false it is. That simply didn't happen. NASA couldn't have possibly been aware of Margaret Hamilton at the time they decided to rely on MIT for Apollo guidance; she didn't join the project until several years later, and in a small role.

[gemma]

Cool. I'm going to go with NASA, MIT, Wired[0], and the Charles Stark Draper Laboratory History of Apollo On-Board Guidance, Navigation, and Control[1] as my sources of information on this one.

[0] https://www.wired.com/2015/10/margaret-hamilton-nasa-apollo/

[1] http://klabs.org/history/history_docs/mit_docs/1711.pdf

[DashRattlesnake]

This argument probably should be settled by primary documents like contemporary Apollo org charts and development milestone reports rather than modern press releases.

[yaakov34]

I can do one better; the source code itself, which has been scanned (https://github.com/chrislgarry/Apollo-11), lists Margaret Hamilton as "COLOSSUS programming leader" - COLOSSUS being the command module software - as of March 28, 1969, reporting to Dan Lickly - Director of Mission Program Development, i.e. in charge of software development at this point, and Richard Battin - Director of Mission Development, who was basically the technical lead of the AGC project at that point. There are also some other senior scientists on the approver list, but those two are the senior software leaders. So Margaret Hamilton was not in charge of the software development team as of March 1969 (she was still in charge of the COLOSSUS module), and in fact not until Dan Lickly left the project, which I think happened around the Apollo 11 flight.

It should be needless to point out that the AGC software was complete and frozen at this point, although bug fixes and some minor features made it in.

This doesn't stop misinformation from appearing all over the place, e.g. Wikipedia says "Details of these programs [LUMINARY and COLOSSUS] were implemented by a team under the direction of Margaret Hamilton", but this is false, as we've seen - LUMINARY, the moon landing software, was frozen while Hamilton was still on the COLOSSUS project. Also, if you root around the history of COLOSSUS itself - which I did at some point - you'll see that Margaret Hamilton became its programming leader in 1968, after COLOSSUS was complete.

[nickpsecurity]

The source of that claim she and her team were behind both programs' code was this paper:

http://klabs.org/history/history_docs/mit_docs/1711.pdf

On p20 of PDF reader, it says this:

"Names notable here are Dr James Miller for the first lunar program SUNBURST, Dr Frederic Martin for the Command Module program COLOSSUS, and George Cherry for the Lunar Module program LUMINARY. These last two were the programs used for the lunar landing missions... [next paragraph] Much of the detailed code of these programs was written by a team of specialists led by Margaret Hamilton. The task assignments to these individuals included, in addition to writing the code, the testing to certify the programming element met requirements."

Goes on to say they had to be error free and were. That was what the NASA press releases and other writings on her team said was essentially their specialty. Consistent so far with claims about her if that author got the right information from the right people. It's hard to say without talking to him about where those claims came from. I do note he's writing on behalf of the laboratory named after one of them (Draper) citing that guy's work along with other solid-looking references. Edit to add that I just noticed his name in the Apollo code you submitted. He apparently was on the team, too. Now I consider his write-up authorative.

[gemma]

Sure. Quoting from the History of Apollo On-Board Guidance, Navigation, and Control (David G. Hoag, 1976):

"Each of these later [complex manned] missions was assigned the responsibility of a senior engineer who assumed a more technical management role for the program....Names notable here are Dr. James Miller for the first Lunar Module program SUNBURST, Dr. Frederic Martin for the Command Module program COLOSSUS, and George Cherry for the Lunar Module program LUMINARY. These last two were the programs used for the lunar landing missions....

"Much of the detailed code of these programs was written by a team of specialists led by Margaret Hamilton. The tasks assignments to these individuals included, in addition to writing the code, the testing to certify that the program element met requirements."

[yaakov34]

The distance from the that statement to "NASA turned to mathematician Margaret Hamilton, of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, to pioneer and direct the effort" is greater than from the Earth to the Moon. The fact that Margaret Hamilton wrote code for the AGC, and led programmers who wrote code for the AGC, is not in question. However, she reported to, and worked under the direction of, several people who were in charge of developing these programs, among whom David Hoag correctly mentions Frederic Martin, George Cherry, and Dan Lickly. Her period of being the head of program development started after the software was complete.

[nickpsecurity]

I'm getting confused at this point. I thought you were claiming she didn't contribute to the software because you said she showed up after it was frozen. Now, you say:

"The fact that Margaret Hamilton wrote code for the AGC, and led programmers who wrote code for the AGC, is not in question. "

It at least appears contradictory. In any case, you said she didn't contribute to Apollo software, specific ones were frozen, etc. What are your primary sources on those claims so I can review them?

[yaakov34]

I didn't say she did not contribute to the software. I said that she was in charge of program development after the software was frozen, not that she showed up after it was frozen. And minor (but important, since the software was so fragile and critical) changes were still being made after the freeze.

Confirmation that she was still not program development director as of March 28, 1969 (which was only a few months before the Apollo 11 flight, with the software in pretty deep freeze) can be found in the header of the listing of said software.

[s_q_b]

You're quibbling over definitions and causing a distraction.