[refurb]

Exactly what medical monopolies are you referring to? Hospitals, insurance companies and drug companies are pretty fragmented markets which is one of the reasons for the complexity of US healthcare and high costs.

[dragonwriter]

Insurance companies are often I regional oligopolies, hospitals similarly and in some cases regional monopolies, and drug companies (like anything IP-dependent, particularly patent-dependent) are straight-out state-granted monopolies.

[grzm]

From the link provided by gp, they may be referring to Medicaid and Medicare, though it's not at all clear to me from that page either.