[Chris2048]

> work on things that don't need doing, take too long

These are also traits of junior developers, who now get boosted into non-junior roles due to demand for developers.

Hiring cheaper juniors and trying to micro-manage them into intermediates... The same approach suffocates eventually when "unaccounted for" tech debt creeps in.

That said, there is also something to certain devs wanting to play with shiny tech (and build their cvs) rather than the best tools for the job. This, along with " cannot provide work-time estimates" point to the need for some senior role who can management overall project development, including goals, estimates, planning and tech stack choices; and this has to be a senior technical role, not a MBA-ed middle manager with a list of methodology-derived rules carved into stone tablets.