> or work an irregular schedule at a minimum wage job
The law in California[0] guarantees you the right to vote even if you are scheduled that day. You can take up to two hours off the beginning or end of your shift to vote if necessary. For other states...[1]
There have been polling stations reported with multi hour queues. I'm pretty sure California does not guarantee you the right to vote in person, because it doesn't say you must be given as many hours as you need. But it's ok, because california allows vote by mail.