[pipio21]

More industrious nations? In what, in pillage, piracy? slave trade?

Spain not only exploited South America, but also administered it and gave it a lot of wealth and education to those places.

In fact, some places in South America went sour after independence because it was much better administered before. In places like Argentina, genocide to the native population happened after independence, not before.

Once and again people project England situation today to the past, but you have to look at the England of the past, that was certainly not more industrious.

Industry in England is copied and improved from the Netherlands from a political plan like the Meiji period in Japan. Before that it was a very poor country and certainly not harder working than the rest.