The Heinz NixDorf museum in Paderborn, Germany. It's mostly computer science and engineering but it has a numerical background
The collection is amazing, from prehistoric cuneiform tablets over Renaissance mechanical computers, Enigma, vacuum tube compuers to modern machines - it is arranged in chronological order. Some of the items have replicas that you can actually touch and operate (e.g. brass multiplication machines from the 18th century).
The Boston Museum of science has a A terrific children's exhibit on math as well as nice more adult oriented math exhibit (sponsored by Mathematica as I recall).
No, no -- "Mathematica: A World of Numbers ... and Beyond" has nothing to do with "Mathematica" the software -- the name coincidence is just because both use the Latin word for "Mathematics".
It is a version of the IBM-funded 1961 exhibition that has been shown in various museums such as the California and Chicago museums of science and industry. Its main claim to fame is that it was designed by Charles and Ray Eames (yes, of "Mad Men" era recliner fame, but more relevantly they also did the famous "Powers of Ten" film). It is a somewhat dated exhibit (I doubt a section on famous mathematicians would be titled "Men of Mathematics" today), but still has some interesting pieces, and the Eames influence means it is practically a piece of art in itself.
The collection is amazing, from prehistoric cuneiform tablets over Renaissance mechanical computers, Enigma, vacuum tube compuers to modern machines - it is arranged in chronological order. Some of the items have replicas that you can actually touch and operate (e.g. brass multiplication machines from the 18th century).