This doesn't remind me of Uplink at all. For one thing, TIS very much focuses on actual programming, even if it is an estoric language for an architecture that could never exist.
Interestingly, there is a real world equivalent to the TIS architecture: the GA144[1] has lots of memory-constrained Forth cores with software defined I/O between them.
Similar architectures could exist, but the exact one the TIS used? Not in a million years, unless somebody was explictly doing it to recreate the game IRL.
Ok, sure. It's only similar to architectures which have existed. I doubt there have been any serious ones which limited you to a dozen instructions at a time :)
There's nothing in the TIS-100 architecture that is unique or unheard of, just things that are left out of it.