[dkersten]

Are they really buzzwords? To me, they have rather particular meanings (although I guess others may feel differently):

Deep learning: a particular type of artificial neural network with many hidden layers (and the associated tech to make this work/trainable)

AI: The field of computer science which aims to make computers smarter. Like most fields, there is much overlap with others, for example, statistics.

Big Data: A buzzword. About the best definition I can find is anything which has the 3 V's: Volume, Velocity & Variety. In general, outside its use as a buzzword, I think big data is generally thought of as "when you need a distributed system to process your data", be it because of volume, velocity or variety.

Supervised and unsupervised learning: whether or not you require example data for training

Machine learning: some people say its the subset of AI that deals with statistical methods, other people say its just another word for AI.