[Jasper_]

2D renderers? Do you mean rendering 2D shapes? In that case, scanline is probably the most efficient thing you can do, but most renderers are not scanline. The only modern 2D scanline renderer I know of is in the Flash Player code.

For a 3D renderer, I recommend fgiesen's series as linked above, and the older series by Nicolas Capens: http://forum.devmaster.net/t/advanced-rasterization/6145

[Rexxar]

Yes, 2d shapes. I'm writing vector drawing software and I use agg as backend (which use scanlines). In the long term it could be a good think to use or implement a more modern back-end.

[Jasper_]

Modern, fast 2D rasterization is a really hard problem, one which I'm currently writing a long-form article on. The classic Red Book stencil trick + Loop-Blinn from 2005 is the current state of the art, I think. I'd love to do more research there.

In terms of a software rasterizer, which can often be faster, it's just a matter of elbow grease and engineering. Use SIMD. Implement tons of special cases.

Write a simple polygon plotter to get you started -- just fill a triangle with white with simple edge functions. Then work your way up to arbitrary polygons. And then look into the theory behind antialiasing and such.