OCaml and Haskell build self-contained binaries, and have done for decades. OCaml has very fast compile times, and an ordinary C-like linking system. You can even directly link C *.o files. Go certainly isn't "innovative" here.
And if you don't need types, there's LuaJIT with all the dynamic features, best inline C FFI ever done, runtime performance in par with native compiled languages, and tools for producing self-contained binaries if needed - https://luapower.com/bundle