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They aren't necessarily built-ins. Years ago, I wrote a CMD where DIR, COPY, DEL, and others were intentionally not built-in. I even supplied it with two different versions of an external COPY command, one with syntax that was aligned with MOVE, REN, and so forth, and one with the full original idiosyncratic syntax of the IBM/Microsoft COPY command (that could concatenate multiple parallel lists of files). I went in a different direction to JP Software's (then) 4OS2, which took the tack of adding futher built-in commands. JP Software's (current) Take Command is interesting to consider in light of this discussion. It has its own built-in versions of bzip2, gzip, jabber, rexec, rshell, sendmail, tail, tar, zip, 7zip, and others. * https://jpsoft.com/help/index.htm?bzip2.htm * https://jpsoft.com/help/index.htm?gzip.htm * https://jpsoft.com/help/index.htm?jabber.htm * https://jpsoft.com/help/index.htm?jar.htm * https://jpsoft.com/help/index.htm?rexec.htm * https://jpsoft.com/help/index.htm?rshell.htm * https://jpsoft.com/help/index.htm?tail.htm * https://jpsoft.com/help/index.htm?tar.htm * https://jpsoft.com/help/index.htm?zip.htm * https://jpsoft.com/help/index.htm?7zip.htm |