[steveklabnik]

Well, they're two different points: closures in rust do not inherently have to heap allocate. But that also doesn't mean that they can _not_ be heap allocated either.

And in this example, it's not even really the closures that allocate: it's still one allocation, regardless of the number of closures.

[soulbadguy]

No. they are not two different points. You are artificially restricting the argument, and saying that some parts are a different question by introducing this new idea of "inherent nature" of a closure in rust : Some humans have legs, some do not. Does it mean that having legs is not an "inherent" part of the human experience?

So to go back to the argument, we are trying to compare using a coroutine base approach vs using a future/state machine + closure approach. My point was that because a coroutine allows one to enter and leave a stack frame without destroying it, it can lead to less allocation and therefore be more efficient in those cases (and let's not even talk about the cost of the activation/deactivation of the stack frame)

[steveklabnik]

To use your analogy, I feel like you're saying that only humans that have legs are human. I'm saying that they're all human.

This analogy is weird.

Furthermore, because closures aren't inherently boxed, there might not even be a stack frame to begin with. Closures are syntax sugar for a struct + a trait implementation on that struct, and said call is then very inline-able.

This is also where I'm getting at with the single invocation thing: with these futures, all of these closures are going to be inlined into one big state machine, which is then itself eventually put on the heap. But that heap allocation has nothing to do with the closure, and more to do with the future wanting to not tie its data down to a specific stack frame.

[saynsedit]

I think this is becoming a semantic argument.

I think we all understand that Rust/C++ closures don't necessarily allocate memory. His point is simply that by using a rust closure to asynchronously handle an event a heap allocation must be done. Compare to the stack swapping method of classical coroutines, which wouldn't require a heap allocation.

I recognize that with Rust zero-cost futures, one big heap allocation is done for the entire futures combination and is roughly analogous to one big eager stack allocation for a coroutine.

[steveklabnik]

Yes, I think so too. I just want to make sure the semantics are clear. I think your summary here is excellent.

[tatterdemalion]

> Some humans have legs, some do not. Does it mean that having legs is not an "inherent" part of the human experience?

I mean - yes, that is what it means.

[pcwalton]

You don't have to destroy the "stack frame" (by which I assume you mean the state retained between blocking operations) every time you enter and leave. Why do you think you need to?

[saynsedit]

He's talking about the difference between swapping the stack pointer and executing a single "jump" instruction vs initiating a full function call (pushing argument(s), function prologue/epilogue)

[pcwalton]

Calling a function isn't "allocation". And you don't just swap the stack pointer: you have to reload the register state. It's the same cost as a function call.

[yazaddaruvala]

May I ask, where do you assume a coroutine's stack lives?

i.e. In relation to program memory

[soulbadguy]

Not sure what you mean, but from my understating the coroutine e stacks are just allocated pieces of memory in the current address space ( might be stack allocated or heap allocated depending the the situation)