| Great question. The answer is the same for all of them: roughly 0. Jet's last valuation was $1.6bn and it was, and continues to, burn cash like crazy. Investors aren't dumb, they see that. So they add a terms to their investment whereby they guarantee a return on their investment. For a company that needs hundreds of millions of dollars and is trying to beat Amazon? Let's say 3x. That means that if I put in $100m dollars at a $1.6b valuation, then you sell at a $4.8bn or above, then everything is fine because I got my 3x. If you sell for less, as they did, then I get my $300m first, before anyone down the line. That's called liquidation preference. Jet was burning capital so they likely had to make a lot of concessions in fundraising. Given that their estimated total funding is around $800m, there isn't much else to go around. You'll notice that some employees and the founders got around $300m worth of Walmart stock. Why would they need that if the company just sold for $3bn? Because the sale likely netted them next to nothing. |
First, it's exceptionally unusual to see anything more than a 1x liquidation preference (i.e. investors receive their initial investment back before anyone else gets paid) among well-funded companies. It's somewhat common to see a 6-10% interest rate added on top, but a 3x liquidation preference is the VC equivalent of a payday loan.
The other component is whether the liquidation preference is "participating" or "non-participating." The easiest way to think about that is that a participating preference receives its initial investment back out of the sale proceeds, then shares in the remainder of the profits alongside the common stockholders. A non-participating preference is like a "greater-of" - basically downside protection in the event that the company is sold for a much lower than expected amount.
Suppose Jet's received $800m in funding like you said, and suppose the investors have gotten pretty aggressive terms - call it 6 rounds of funding that each took 20% post-money, all of which have a 1x liquidation preference and are getting 10% interest. Let's say the interest takes the preference to $1 billion because we're more or less making up numbers at this point, but we're in the right ballpark.
So the common stockholders (founders and employees) own 26% of the company at this point (.8^6), and a billion dollars comes off the top of the $3 billion sale amount. The common stockholders would therefore receive about $520 million.
The Walmart stock is publicly traded, so it's a lot like getting cash (though it may be subject to a short lock-up in a deal like this). Companies like to do combination cash/stock deals for a variety of reasons.