[notahacker]

Piketty isn't really talking about "inequality in material incomes" so much as a theory that a small proportion of dynasties tends to accuulate such a large proportion of national resources that the economy ceases to operate like a competitive market and becomes a means for those holding the majority of the wealth to extract rent from those holding the diminishing remainder. That can be a problem even if you find some inequality unproblematic or even regard some level of inequality as morally necessary to reward endeavour and ingenuity and encourage economic growth, and is a problem for progress in the future even if the baseline standard of living in developed countries is very acceptable by historical standards.

There are of course limitations to how accurate his theory is, not least because much of public policy has been designed to avoid it happening.

[chakkop]

Nearly every assumption in this argument of Piketty's is flawed. Is it only the rich that have capital? What about human capital? What about creative destruction--the entry of new market players? Don't the rich (and their children) often squander their capital? More to the point: look at the evidence of the many rich people around us. Did they build this wealth by banking on r > g, or by putting idea upon idea and creating something new?

[notahacker]

The book attempts to address these in rather more detail than can be managed here, but human capital isn't likely to get you to the ranks of fabulously wealthy without the backing of VCs and their already fabulously wealthy LPs, and wealthy dynasties are generally much better at structuring their portfolios to avoid being wiped out by "creative destruction" than smaller business owners. Piketty argues that our concept of "the rich" is heavily shaped by lists which are biased towards those who create companies because their wealth is much easier to estimate than the diversified portfolios of family dynasties, and that distinguishing between the two isn't easy either (Warren Buffet, for example, is entirely self-made but has done so entirely through disproportionately successful bets on r > g rather than creating something new, and many of the entrepreneurs that have succeeded by creating and marketing something new take the eminently sensible decision to diversify those riches and become rentiers to let their fortunes continue to grow later in life). Whether he's right or wrong about the composition of the rich in general, it's pretty obvious the HN concept of the rich is skewed towards the Zuckerbergs we can aspire to emulate rather than the Koch brothers we can't.

[chakkop]

I agree with you: it is a long book, with more problems than can be enumerated and discussed here, but key amongst them is the idea that inequality--the Gini coefficient--matters above all else, and particularly matters more than the absolute improvements in living standards that we (most of us) have experienced in recent centuries. I don't think one's goal should be to enter the ranks of the 'fabulously wealthy'. Anyway, by definition, there will always be a bottom 10% or 20%.

[wslh]

> Is it only the rich that have capital? What about human capital?

There is a huge difference between the liquidity of each one.

> ... or by putting idea upon idea and creating something new?

A very tiny fraction of new creations make someone rich. Most fail or are insignificant in terms of capital.

[nhaehnle]

I'm pretty sure that only a minority of rich people are really in the ideas and creation business. If you live in Silicon Valley it might appear different, but globally speaking, the rich tend to fall into the categories of (a) inherited wealth, (b) upper management, (c) non-hard-science knowledge worker types (finance and lawyers).

Yes, r > g is only an aspect for (a), but the Piketty argument also has to be understood as a warning bell. After all, wealth and the resulting political influence make it easier to ensure that mostly (a)-types ever get into (b)- and (c)-positions in the first place. (And the tendency for this has always existed and exists today, just look at the university system in most countries for evidence.)