[jomamaxx]

"As far as I know, the modern trains that I've seen in China seem to be manufactured by Chinese companies."

Yes - because in order to do business in China, you have to give over your IP to a Chinese company and 'partner' with them to sell there, OR, after you give over your IP someone else gets their hands on it and copies you and you've wasted your time.

China is not an open market, most sectors are heavily protected.

Granted - it's arguably a smart thing for them to do during 'catch up phase' - but you can't remain competitive by doing those things.

Non-Chinese nations should impose tarriffs on all Chinese goods until we can freely sell things there without government interruption.

They can protect their banks, telecoms etc. like every country, but not every consumer good.

The companies that have been successful there are largely consumer retail like restaurants, clothing etc..