[NKCSS]

At the exchange levels, you don't pay for traffic... you pay a subscription membership for the IX and you pay for your hardware; you might have some contracts for peering and transit that could cost money, but no where is it done based on data flowing through the network... It's all just to extract money based on usage with the rationale that people who use more can pay more, but it's not like they get a higher bill when they have more traffic, therefore, you can't say that a provider is selling their BW to cheap; maybe they already paid for all their fixed costs via their compute pricing....