[mknocker]

The first thing that came to my mind was... what about advertising on the web ? This is an area where machine learning and algorithmic decision-making use discrimination to either show or not an ad to a particular user. There are millions decision made everyday. Under that regulation, could you ask for the reason an ad was shown to you ?

[matt4077]

Nope, because advertisement doesn't "significantly affect" you. At least that's how it's meant and how it will be understood. This is about credit, employment, insurance, medical care etc.

[Symmetry]

Medical care?! Oh God. Well, I suppose the AMA will keep the US from embracing machine learning so it's not like this is actually a chance for the US to reverse its lag in mortality statistics.

[csn]

Although just like the things you list, I can think of a plethora of ways with which advertising can literally, indirectly change my life by convincing me to purchase a product or service.

[denzil_correa]

There is some research which shows discrimination in online advertisements.

http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2208240

http://queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=2460278

[Kristine1975]

Just put a link under the ad "why am I seeing this ad?" leading to a page with the explanation.