[phdpqc]

[blog author here] I learned C++ a while ago so I never got to read an intro to modern C++ cover-to-cover. However, a friend asked me to suggest a book and this one seemed to both cover everything you need to understand the language and provide several useful examples for scientific computing (e.g. there's a nice example of gradient descent in the preface).

It's definitely not the only good option. "C++ Primer" is probably the most popular introduction and the language's creator wrote an intro to programming with C++ ("Programming: Principles and Practice Using C++"). They all cover modern C++.