Actually, you're pretty much spot on. The word you want is "irreducible", rather than "indivisible". In general rings there are irreducible elements and prime elements, and they have different definitions. You're looking for a unique factorisation into irreducibles.
Trying to read that is like trying to learn an entire new language by reading a sentence in it. Way too many words to already understand what it's even defining (commutative ring, irreducible polynomials, UFDs, principle ideal, nozero prime ideal... and I'm not following why p divides ab in R... or even exactly what that means).
Searching youtube kahn academy and numberphile, but not turning up anything. exactly how high level is this?
Trying to read that is like trying to learn an entire new language by reading a sentence in it. Way too many words to already understand what it's even defining (commutative ring, irreducible polynomials, UFDs, principle ideal, nozero prime ideal... and I'm not following why p divides ab in R... or even exactly what that means).
Searching youtube kahn academy and numberphile, but not turning up anything. exactly how high level is this?