[amatic]

At low levels, I think it is probably a very simple computational process, something like taking a derivative of the position (estimating the direction and magnitude of velocity of the object in some perceptual space). If we understand prediction in a loose sense, then taking the derivative would be predicting, just like the D part in a PID loop is considered predicting.

At higher levels of the nervous system where more abstract variables are hypothetically handled, there could be something like model-based prediction. For example, if we are trying to catch a ball we would predict its movement differently then if we are trying to catch a cat or mouse or a drop of water.