[tansey]

Isn't the labeling really tricky, though?

In my limited experience, EHRs aren't usually setup to handle structured labeling of something like an image. There are lots of different fields for text entry that can be unstructured. Then the only label left is the billing code, which ends up being a poor choice of label since the hospital often bills for what it can get reimbursed for, not what you actually had.

[PeterisP]

You don't need labels for the image if you can get them from other patient information, in particular, the diagnosis.

E.g. you know from image metadata that it's a chest x-ray of patient #1234 at 2012/03/04. Then you automatically check patient EHR near that date - do they have lung cancer Y/N; do they have broken ribs Y/N; do they have TB Y/N, etc, and make your image labels based on that. How diagnosis are codified, though, differs significantly between various medical systems, I have no idea how it's in USA EHR.