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My dad was an archaeologist for the US government, and the bulk of his job came down to surveying potential construction sites to make sure they didn't destroy any anything historic. (Graves, stone tool manufacturing sites, etc.) This was in the more remote places of the Pacific Northwest, where most of what you'd find is hard for a lay-person to identify, much less assign historical significance to. I assume that in a place like London you can't dig a hole in your back yard without a team of archaeologists sifting through the dirt you take out.