[patricksli]

The immediate difference is that Stanza is optionally-typed while those three are all purely statically-typed. A dynamically-typed language behaves very differently than a statically-typed language with type inference. For example, Scheme is a very different language than OCaml, even though type annotations are not required for either. In this sense, Stanza is designed to compete against both Python/Ruby as well as Nim/Crystal/etc...