According to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor_count#Microprocesso... a Skylake K has 1.75G transistors, which is nearly exactly 500000 times more than the 3.5K in this one. Take the square root of that and the linear dimensions grow by approximately 707 times, so the 32cm x 32cm of the discrete 6502 would become something closer to 23m x 23m. It's roughly a 6 orders of magnitude increase in density, or 3 orders of magnitude increase in linear dimensions.
And 6502 was apparently first produced on 8 microns versus today's 22nm process, which is a linear scale factor of 363, which aligns fairly well with those numbers.