[tjgabbour]

I think countries often inflict these problems on themselves. For example, systematic unemployment/underemployment isn't a particularly natural phenomenon (above a minimal level when people shift workplaces and so on), but is a known consequence of certain economic systems and policies. These countries decide to pursue policies where idle hands aren't offered anything to do. Despite their desire to work.

Further, higher-level professions tend to have obstacles to decrease the supply of their practitioners.

Immigration problems are also often self-inflicted. France is in the news for having them, but clearly many immigrants came from countries they invaded. When France invaded, they sent soldiers who alter society through violence and intimidation; whereas immigrants typically want to achieve better lives for themselves and families, and ideally participate in a functional society.