[manvsmachine]

Honestly, there are far to many to even list. I think part of the issue may just be that not every application is an 'app' - computing is increasingly intertwined with physical applications. Here are a few consumer-focused 'emerging tech' applications off the top of my head:

Graphics / CV: VR Gaming (Oculus, HTC Vive, etc), self-driving vehicles, computational photography (Lytro)

HCI: Leap, Kinect, VR Gaming again

Architecture / performance / networking / databases are tools, not applications in and of themselves - find a problem that demands extremely high performing systems, and there will be work done in those areas. Example: the PX 2 system for self-driving racecars that Nvidia announced a few days ago at GTC hits six of your bullets points by itself (architecture, performance, computer vision, networking, parallel systems, computational science).

[acconrad]

I should clarify - the title had character limits, so when I wrote "apps" I meant "applications" - it doesn't necessarily exclude businesses that don't do "apps" per se - for example, Vertica and VoltDB would be innovative companies in databases, but their technology isn't an "app" in that sense.

[Jtsummers]

I usually try to tuck this as a note with a regular response to a comment, so apologies for that.

"Per say" should be "per se".